In this article, you will learn-
Sentinel Satellites of the Copernicus Programme
Global Monitoring for Environmental Security (GMES)
Copernicus is the world’s largest and most aggressive Earth perception program in presence today.
Recently known as GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), it plans to handle ecological difficulties with an armada of self-sufficient satellites.
From an Earth-wide temperature boost to land-use change and the air, Copernicus accumulates Earth information from space.
Also, in the focal point, all things considered, is its Sentinel group of satellites.
Rundown of Sentinel Satellites
As of now, Copernicus has propelled a few satellites including Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-3. In light of its prosperity, there are plans to dispatch a few more.
All information caught from these satellites is for nothing out of pocket to empower the most extreme use. Also, information is accessible all day, every day, and 365 days per year.
In general, each Sentinel mission has two twin satellites flying in the same orbit. The reason for this is because it gives better coverage and shortens revisit times.
Whether it’s land, ocean, or the atmosphere, each Sentinel satellite has a specific duty. As shown below, here are the specifications for each one.
READ MORE: How to Download Free Sentinel Satellite Data
1 Sentinel-1
During day and night, Sentinel-1’s instrument sees through cloud and murkiness utilizing engineered gap radar (SAR). At 9-40 meters pixel goals, Sentinel-1 C-band (C-SAR) is polar circling.
To begin with, the satellite sends microwave heartbeats to Earth. Next, the beat hits the Earth and returns to the satellite. At last, the sensor makes a picture from the returned echoes.
Specifically tailored to emergency response, Sentinel-1 can assist in deriving flood maps to plan for mitigation and even minute changes in volcanic activity.
| Mode | Swath | Resolution |
| Strip Map | 80 km | 5 x 5 m |
| Interferometric Wide Swath | 250 km | 5 x 20 m |
| Extra-Wide Swath | 400 km | 25 x 100 m |
| Wave-Mode | 20 km x 20 km | 5 x 20 m |
2 Sentinel-2
Sentinel-2 monitors the land with a multispectral instrument which incorporates beachfront, red, green, blue, close infrared and short-wave infrared.
At regular intervals, Sentinel 2A and 2B catch land changes in the 12 spectral band. With a return to the time of 5 days, each band ranges from 10-60 meters in pixel size.
For us GIS professionals, this is a game-changer in free satellite imagery. Instead of 30-meter true-color images from Landsat data, we now have access to sharper 10-meter Sentinel-2 imagery. A much-needed improvement.
| Band | Resolution | Central Wavelength | Description |
| B1 | 60 m | 443 nm | Ultra Blue (Coastal and Aerosol) |
| B2 | 10 m | 490 nm | Blue |
| B3 | 10 m | 560 nm | Green |
| B4 | 10 m | 665 nm | Red |
| B5 | 20 m | 705 nm | Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) |
| B6 | 20 m | 740 nm | Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) |
| B7 | 20 m | 783 nm | Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) |
| B8 | 10 m | 842 nm | Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) |
| B8a | 20 m | 865 nm | Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) |
| B9 | 60 m | 940 nm | Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) |
| B10 | 60 m | 1375 nm | Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) |
| B11 | 20 m | 1610 nm | Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) |
| B12 | 20 m | 2190 nm | Short Wave Infrared (SWIR |
3 Sentinel-3
As oceans cover 70% of Earth, they make a significant bit of the riddle for understanding worldwide environmental change. In blend with Sentinel-6, the reason for Sentinel-3 is essentially for observing our seas in detail, for example, temperature, shading, and statures.
At 300-1200 meter resolution, Sentinel-3 will have a less than 2 days revisit to time. Because of its huge resolution, this is Ideal for getting the total image of Earth’s warming and cooling system from oceans.
4 Sentinel-4
Unlike Sentinel-1, 2, and 3, Sentinel-4 will screen the environmental science from a geostationary circle. This implies the satellite isn’t turning yet it is fixed in high circle taking a gander at a particular piece of Earth.
Also, Sentinel-4 won’t be its satellite, yet it will be an instrument installed MTG-S. In 2022, it’s set to dispatch with 8 km resolution and a 1-hour revisit to time.
5 Sentinel-5
Sentinel-5 screens air pollution in the atmosphere from a sun-synchronous circle. For instance, it will catch ozone, NO2, SO2, CO, vaporized, and follow gases.
In a low circle, its phantom groups go from bright, obvious, close, and short-frequency infrared. Since Sentinel-5 will have an expansive 7-50 kilometer resolution, it will have a short revisit to the time of just a single day.
6 Sentinel-6
Finally, Sentinel-6 will concentrate on maritime movement. similar to NASA’s Jason-1 and 2, this satellite is intended to quantify sea tallness. Commending Sentinel-3, it will cooperate for an extensive image of Earth’s seas.
The essential instrument locally available Sentinel-6 will be a radar altimeter. From radar altimetry, we can delineate worldwide ocean surface levels with higher exactness.
7 Sentinel-7
As plans are still in progress, we don’t have any solid data accessible for Sentinel-7. Based on what is reputed, Sentinel-7 is accepted to screen carbon dioxide (CO2) and environmental contamination.
8 Sentinel-8
Nothing is set in stone for Sentinel-8 yet. Yet, Sentinel-8 is reputed to be a warm infrared sensor for getting dry spell, woods fires, and volcanic action.
9 Sentinel-9
There is some theory that Sentinel-9 could be a polar strategic comprehend ice thickness and improve climate imaging.
10 Sentinel-10
Finally, Sentinel-10 could be a hyperspectral mission. As there is a reasonable hole in hyperspectral satellite information, this could be very helpful for applications, for example, mining, agriculture, and the environment.
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