PHP Operators

In this tutorial, you will learn about PHP Operators step by step. So without much to do, let’s get started.

In this tutorial, you will learn-

PHP Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

PHP divides the operators within the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators
• Conditional mission operators

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PHP Arithmetic Operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, which include addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
+	Addition	$x + $y	Sum of $x and $y
–	Subtraction	$x – $y	Difference of $x and $y
*	Multiplication	$x * $y	Product of $x and $y
/	Division	$x / $y	Quotient of $x and $y
%	Modulus	$x % $y	Remainder of $x divided by $y
**	Exponentiation	$x ** $y	Result of raising $x to the $y’th power

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PHP Assignment Operators

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.

The primary assignment operator in PHP is “=”. It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

Assignment	Same as…	Description
x = y	x = y	The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right
x += y	x = x + y	Addition
x -= y	x = x – y	Subtraction
x *= y	x = x * y	Multiplication
x /= y	x = x / y	Division
x %= y	x = x % y	Modulus

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PHP Comparison Operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):

Operator	Name	Example	Result
==	Equal	$x == $y	Returns true if $x is equal to $y
===	Identical	$x === $y	Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
!=	Not equal	$x != $y	Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
<>	Not equal	$x <> $y	Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
!==	Not identical	$x !== $y	Returns true if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type
>	Greater than	$x > $y	Returns true if $x is greater than $y
<	Less than	$x < $y	Returns true if $x is less than $y
>=	Greater than or equal to	$x >= $y	Returns true if $x is greater than or equal to $y
<=	Less than or equal to	$x <= $y	Returns true if $x is less than or equal to $y
<=>	Spaceship	$x <=> $y	Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero, depending on if $x is less than, equal to, or greater than $y. Introduced in PHP 7.

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PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

The PHP increment operators are used to increment a variable’s value.
The PHP decrement operators are used to decrement a variable’s value.

Operator	Name	Description
++$x	Pre-increment	Increments $x by one, then returns $x
$x++	Post-increment	Returns $x, then increments $x by one
–$x	Pre-decrement	Decrements $x by one, then returns $x
$x–	Post-decrement	Returns $x, then decrements $x by one

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PHP Logical Operators

The PHP logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
and	And	$x and $y	True if both $x and $y are true
or	Or	$x or $y	True if either $x or $y is true
xor	Xor	$x xor $y	True if either $x or $y is true, but not both
&&	And	$x && $y	True if both $x and $y are true	Try it »
||	Or	$x || $y	True if either $x or $y is true
!	Not	!$x	True if $x is not true

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PHP String Operators

PHP has two operators which are specially designed for strings.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
.	Concatenation	$txt1 . $txt2	Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2
.=	Concatenation assignment	$txt1 .= $txt2	Appends $txt2 to $txt1

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PHP Array Operators

The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
+	Union	$x + $y	Union of $x and $y
==	Equality	$x == $y	Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs
===	Identity	$x === $y	Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types
!=	Inequality	$x != $y	Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
<>	Inequality	$x <> $y	Returns true if $x is not equal to $y	Try it »
!==	Non-identity	$x !== $y	Returns true if $x is not identical to $y

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PHP Conditional Assignment Operators

The PHP conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions:

Operator	Name	Example	Result
?:	Ternary	$x = expr1 ? expr2 : expr3	Returns the value of $x. The value of $x is expr2 if expr1 = TRUE. The value of $x is expr3 if expr1 = FALSE
??	Null coalescing	$x = expr1 ?? expr2	Returns the value of $x. The value of $x is expr1 if expr1 exists, and is not NULL. If expr1 does not exist, or is NULL, the value of $x is expr2. Introduced in PHP 7

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