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Java Arrays

Java Arrays
Java Arrays

Java Arrays

In this tutorial, we will learn to work with arrays in Java. We will learn to announce, introduce, and access array elements with the help of examples.

In computer programming, an array is an assortment of comparable sorts of data. For instance, if we need to store the names of 100 individuals, at that point we can make a variety of the string type that can store 100 names.

String[] array = new String[100];

The number of values in the Java array is fixed. That is, the above array can not store more than 100 elements.


How to declare an array in Java?

In Java, here is how we can declare an array.

dataType[] arrayName;

dataType – it can be primitive data types like int, char, double, byte, etc., or Java objects.
arrayName – it is an identifier
For example,

double[] data;

Here, data is an array that can hold values of type double.

Be that as it may, what number of elements can array this hold?

Good question! To characterize the number of elements that an array can hold, we need to distribute memory for the array in Java. For instance,

// declare an array
double[] data;

// allocate memory
data = new Double[10];

Here, the array can store 10 elements. We can likewise say that the size or length of the array is 10.

In Java, we can proclaim and apportion memory of an array in one single statement. For instance,

double[] data = new double[10];

How to Initialize Arrays in Java?

In Java, we can initialize arrays during declaration. For example,

//declare and initialize and array
int[] age = {12, 4, 5, 2, 5};

Here, we have made an array named age and instated it with the qualities inside the wavy sections.

Note that we have not given the size of the array. For this situation, the Java compiler automatically determines the size by including the number of components in the array (for example 5).

In Java array, every memory area is related to a number. The number is known as an array index. We can likewise introduce arrays in Java, using the index number. For instance,

// declare an array
int[] age = new int[5];

// initialize array
age[0] = 12;
age[1] = 4;
age[2] = 5;
..

Note:

Array indices always start from 0. That is, the first element of an array is at index 0.
If the size of an array is n, then the last element of the array will be at index n-1.


How to Access Elements of an Array in Java?

We can get to the element of an array using the index number. Here is the syntax for getting to elements of an array,

// access array elements
array[index]

Let’s see an example of accessing array elements using index numbers.

Example: Access Array Elements

class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  
   // create an array
   int[] age = {12, 4, 5, 2, 5};

   // access each array elements
   System.out.println("Accessing Elements of Array:");
   System.out.println("First Element: " + age[0]);
   System.out.println("Second Element: " + age[1]);
   System.out.println("Third Element: " + age[2]);
   System.out.println("Fourth Element: " + age[3]);
   System.out.println("Fifth Element: " + age[4]);
 }
}

Output

Accessing Elements of Array:
First Element: 12
Second Element: 4
Third Element: 5
Fourth Element: 2
Fifth Element: 5

In the above example, notice that we are using the index number to access each element of the array.

We can use loops to access all the elements of the array at once.


Looping Through Array Elements

In Java, we can also loop through each element of the array. For example,

Example: Using For Loop

class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  
   // create an array
   int[] age = {12, 4, 5};

   // loop through the array
   // using for loop
   System.out.println("Using for Loop:");
   for(int i = 0; i < age.length; i++) {
     System.out.println(age[i]);
   }
 }
}

Output

Using for Loop:
12
4
5

In the above example, we are using the for Loop in Java to iterate through each element of the array. Notice the expression inside the loop,

age.length

Here, we are using the length property of the array to get the size of the array.

We can also use the for-each loop to iterate through the elements of an array. For example,

Example: Using the for-each Loop

class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  
   // create an array
   int[] age = {12, 4, 5};

   // loop through the array
   // using for loop
   System.out.println("Using for-each Loop:");
   for(int a : age) {
     System.out.println(a);
   }
 }
}

Output

Using for-each Loop:
12
4
5

Example: Compute Sum and Average of Array Elements

class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {

   int[] numbers = {2, -9, 0, 5, 12, -25, 22, 9, 8, 12};
   int sum = 0;
   Double average;
   
   // access all elements using for each loop
   // add each element in sum
   for (int number: numbers) {
     sum += number;
   }
  
   // get the total number of elements
   int arrayLength = numbers.length;

   // calculate the average
   // convert the average from int to double
   average =  ((double)sum / (double)arrayLength);

   System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);
   System.out.println("Average = " + average);
 }
}

Output

Sum = 36
Average = 3.6

In the above example, we have made a variety of named numbers. We have used the for…each loop to get to each element of the array.

Inside the loop, we are calculating the sum of every element. Notice the line,

int arrayLength = number.length;

Here, we are using the length attribute of the array to calculate the size of the array. We then calculate the average using:

average = ((double)sum / (double)arrayLength);

As you can see, we are converting the int value into double. This is called type casting in Java.


Multidimensional Arrays

Arrays we have referenced till now are called one-dimensional arrays. However, we can pronounce multidimensional arrays in Java.

A multidimensional array is an array of arrays. That is, each element of a multidimensional array is an array itself. For example,

double[][] matrix = {{1.2, 4.3, 4.0}, 
      {4.1, -1.1}
};

Here, we have created a multidimensional array named matrix. It is a 2-dimensional array. To learn more, visit the Java multidimensional array.


Thanks for reading! We hope you found this tutorial helpful and we would love to hear your feedback in the Comments section below. And show us what you’ve learned by sharing your photos and creative projects with us.

salman khan

Written by worldofitech

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