HTML Uniform Resource Locators

HTML Uniform Resource Locators: A URL is another word for a web address.

URL is a web address.

The URL can comprise of letters, for example, worldofitech.com, or an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Most people access the site using the site domain name, since names are simpler to remember than numbers.

A URL can be composed out of words (for example worldofitech.com), or an Internet Protocol (IP) address (for example 192.68.20.50).

Most people enter the name when surfing, since names are simpler to remember than numbers.

In this tutorial, you will learn-

In this article, you will learn-

1 URL – Uniform Resource Locator
2 Common URL Schemes
3 URL Encoding
4 ASCII Encoding Examples

URL – Uniform Resource Locator

Internet browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the web.

A web address like https://www.worldofitech.com/html/ follows these syntax rules:

scheme://prefix.domain:port/path/filename

Explanation:

• scheme – defines the type of Internet service (most normal is http or https)

• prefix – defines a domain prefix (default for http is www)

• domain – defines the Internet domain name (like worldofitech.com)

• port – defines the port number at the host (default for http is 80)

• path – defines a path at the server (If discarded: the root directory of the site)

• filename – defines the name of a document or resource

Common URL Schemes

The table beneath lists some common schemes:

Scheme	Short for	Used for
http	HyperText Transfer Protocol	Common web pages. Not encrypted
https	Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol	Secure web pages. Encrypted
ftp	File Transfer Protocol	Downloading or uploading files
file		A file on your computer

URL Encoding

URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. In the event that a URL contains characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has be changed over.

URL encoding changes over non-ASCII characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.

URL encoding replaces non-ASCII characters with a “%” followed by hexadecimal digits.

URLs can’t contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a plus (+) sign, or %20.

ASCII Encoding Examples

Your `browser will encode input, as indicated by the character set used in your page.

The default character-set in HTML5 is UTF-8.

Character	From Windows-1252	From UTF-8
€	%80	%E2%82%AC
£	%A3	%C2%A3
©	%A9	%C2%A9
®	%AE	%C2%AE
À	%C0	%C3%80
Á	%C1	%C3%81
Â	%C2	%C3%82
Ã	%C3	%C3%83
Ä	%C4	%C3%84
Å	%C5	%C3%85

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