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Polar Orbit versus Sun Synchronous Orbit
Sun-synchronous orbit vs polar orbit
In general, there are two groups of satellites:
There are satellites that circle the equator, and those that circle from shaft to-post.
For example, Landsat, Worldview and Sentinel-2 satellites are in a polar orbit (or near-polar orbit)
But what are the benefits of orbiting at the poles?
For what reason do a few satellites have a polar orbit?
Almost all the satellites that are in a polar circle are at lower elevations. In addition, they are frequently used for applications, for example, monitoring crops, forests, and even global security.
A polar orbit travels north-south over the posts and takes roughly 90 minutes for a full turn. As the satellite is in orbit, the Earth is turning underneath it. Thus, a satellite can watch the whole Earth’s surface (off-nadir) in the time length of 24 hours.
Higher altitude satellites orbit more slowly because the circumference of the circular orbit is larger. In addition, the pull of gravity is weaker at higher altitudes.
At the point when a satellite has a sun-synchronous circle, it implies that it has steady sunlight through tendency and height. For sun-synchronous circles, it disregards any given point on Earth’s surface at a similar neighborhood sunlight based time.
As a result of the predictable lighting in sun-synchronous orbits, scientists leverage this in various remote sensing applications.
How are polar orbits different from geostationary orbits?
Geostationary satellites are propelled into space in a similar way the Earth is turning. At the point when the satellite is in orbit at a particular height, it will precisely coordinate the turn of the Earth. This sweet spot is around 36,000 km over the Earth’s surface in high Earth orbit.
Weather, communication and global positioning satellites are often in a geostationary orbit. Since the satellite follows the Earth’s turn consistently at a similar point, an eyewitness on Earth would have the option to constantly “see” it. On account of geostationary satellites, the Earth’s power of gravity is actually enough to give speeding up required to roundabout movement.
While geosynchronous satellites can have any tendency, the key contrast to the geostationary circle is the way that they lie on a similar plane as the equator. Geostationary circles fall in a similar class as geosynchronous circles, yet with that one unique nature of being stopped over the equator.
How do satellites orbit Earth?
While polar orbits have an inclination of about 90 degrees to the equator, geostationary orbits match the rotation of the Earth.
A sun-synchronous orbit passes by any given point with the same local solar time, which is useful for consistent lighting and sun angle.
Out of the three types of orbits (low, medium, and high Earth orbits), polar orbits often fall into low Earth orbits.
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